HDFS概述
HDFS组成架构
HDFS文件块大小
HDFS的Shell操作(开发重点)
1.基本语法
bin/hadoop fs 具体命令 OR bin/hdfs dfs 具体命令
dfs是fs的实现类。
2.命令大全
$ bin/hadoop fs[-appendToFile... ] [-cat [-ignoreCrc] ...] [-checksum ...] [-chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH...] [-chmod [-R] PATH...] [-chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH...] [-copyFromLocal [-f] [-p] ... ] [-copyToLocal [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] ... ] [-count [-q] ...] [-cp [-f] [-p] ... ] [-createSnapshot [ ]] [-deleteSnapshot ] [-df [-h] [ ...]] [-du [-s] [-h] ...] [-expunge] [-get [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] ... ] [-getfacl [-R] ] [-getmerge [-nl] ] [-help [cmd ...]] [-ls [-d] [-h] [-R] [ ...]] [-mkdir [-p] ...] [-moveFromLocal ... ] [-moveToLocal ] [-mv ... ] [-put [-f] [-p] ... ] [-renameSnapshot ] [-rm [-f] [-r|-R] [-skipTrash] ...] [-rmdir [--ignore-fail-on-non-empty] ...] [-setfacl [-R] [{-b|-k} {-m|-x } ]|[--set ]] [-setrep [-R] [-w] ...] [-stat [format] ...] [-tail [-f] ] [-test -[defsz] ] [-text [-ignoreCrc] ...] [-touchz ...] [-usage [cmd ...]]
3.常用命令实操
(0)启动Hadoop集群(方便后续的测试)
$ sbin/start-dfs.sh$ sbin/start-yarn.sh
(1)-help:输出这个命令参数
$ hadoop fs -help rm
(2)-ls: 显示目录信息
$ hadoop fs -ls /
(3)-mkdir:在HDFS上创建目录
$ hadoop fs -mkdir -p /sanguo/shuguo
(4)-moveFromLocal:从本地剪切粘贴到HDFS
$ touch kongming.txt$ hadoop fs -moveFromLocal ./kongming.txt /sanguo/shuguo
(5)-appendToFile:追加一个文件到已经存在的文件末尾
$ touch liubei.txt$ vi liubei.txt输入san gu mao lu$ hadoop fs -appendToFile liubei.txt /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt
(6)-cat:显示文件内容
$ hadoop fs -cat /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt
(7)-chgrp 、-chmod、-chown:Linux文件系统中的用法一样,修改文件所属权限
$ hadoop fs -chmod 666 /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt$ hadoop fs -chown atguigu:atguigu /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt
(8)-copyFromLocal:从本地文件系统中拷贝文件到HDFS路径去
$ hadoop fs -copyFromLocal README.txt /
(9)-copyToLocal:从HDFS拷贝到本地
$ hadoop fs -copyToLocal /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt ./
(10)-cp :从HDFS的一个路径拷贝到HDFS的另一个路径
$ hadoop fs -cp /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt /zhuge.txt
(11)-mv:在HDFS目录中移动文件
$ hadoop fs -mv /zhuge.txt /sanguo/shuguo/
(12)-get:等同于copyToLocal,就是从HDFS下载文件到本地
$ hadoop fs -get /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt ./
(13)-getmerge:合并下载多个文件,比如HDFS的目录 /user/atguigu/test下有多个文件:log.1, log.2,log.3,...
$ hadoop fs -getmerge /user/atguigu/test/* ./zaiyiqi.txt
(14)-put:等同于copyFromLocal
$ hadoop fs -put ./zaiyiqi.txt /user/atguigu/test/
(15)-tail:显示一个文件的末尾
$ hadoop fs -tail /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt
(16)-rm:删除文件或文件夹
$ hadoop fs -rm /user/atguigu/test/jinlian2.txt
(17)-rmdir:删除空目录
$ hadoop fs -mkdir /test$ hadoop fs -rmdir /test
(18)-du统计文件夹的大小信息
$ hadoop fs -du -s -h /user/atguigu/test2.7 K /user/atguigu/test $ hadoop fs -du -h /user/atguigu/test1.3 K /user/atguigu/test/README.txt15 /user/atguigu/test/jinlian.txt1.4 K /user/atguigu/test/zaiyiqi.txt
(19)-setrep:设置HDFS中文件的副本数量
$ hadoop fs -setrep 10 /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt
图 HDFS副本数量
这里设置的副本数只是记录在NameNode的元数据中,是否真的会有这么多副本,还得看DataNode的数量。
因为目前只有3台设备,最多也就3个副本,只有节点数的增加到10台时,副本数才能达到10。